[I] Urbanization refers to the increasing population shift from rural to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and metropolitan regions (Hall, 2014). [II] This phenomenon is driven by various factors, including economic opportunities, improved living standards, and social amenities available in urban centers. [III] As a result, urbanization significantly impacts both individuals and communities, leading to a range of benefits and challenges (Davis, 2016). [IV]
One of the primary advantages of urbanization is the economic growth it fosters. Cities often provide a plethora of job opportunities, attracting individuals seeking better employment and higher incomes. In urban areas, businesses flourish due to increased demand for goods and services, leading to enhanced economic productivity. Moreover, urbanization encourages innovation and technological advancements, as a dense concentration of people often fosters creativity and collaboration (Florida, 2017).
However, urbanization also presents significant challenges. Rapid population growth in cities can lead to overcrowding, straining public services such as transportation, healthcare, and education. Many urban areas struggle to provide adequate housing, resulting in the proliferation of informal settlements and slums. According to the United Nations (2018), nearly one billion people live in slums, lacking access to basic services. They also face adverse living conditions. This situation exacerbates social inequality and can lead to increased crime rates and health issues.
To address the challenges of urbanization, sustainable urban planning is essential. Governments and urban planners must prioritize creating inclusive, well-connected cities that provide access to essential services for all residents. Strategies such as developing affordable housing, enhancing public transport systems, and promoting green spaces can help improve the quality of life in urban areas while mitigating the negative impacts of urbanization (World Bank, 2019).
(Adapted from Urbanization and Its Impact by Hall, Davis, and others)
Question 31. Where in paragraph I does the following sentence best fit?
Urban areas offer a wide array of social services that are often unavailable in rural areas.
A. [I] B. [II] C. [III] D. [IV]
Question 32. The phrase "plethora of job opportunities" in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by ____.
A. limited job options B. abundant job opportunities
C. scarcity of jobs D. specific job roles
Question 33. The word "they" in paragraph 3 refers to ____.
A. urban areas B. public services C. people D. basic services
Question 34. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT a benefit of urbanization?
A. Economic growth B. Job opportunities
C. Increased social inequality D. Technological advancements
Question 35. Which of the following best summarizes paragraph 3?
A. Urbanization creates a range of challenges, including overcrowding and insufficient public services.
B. Urban areas have ample housing options for all residents.
C. Rapid urbanization has no impact on crime rates or health issues.
D. The growth of cities automatically improves living conditions for all.
Question 36. The word "proliferation" in paragraph 3 is CLOSEST in meaning to ____.
A. reduction B. increase C. stabilization D. disappearance
Question 37. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Urbanization exclusively benefits individuals with higher incomes.
B. All urban areas can easily provide adequate housing for their residents.
C. Sustainable urban planning is crucial to addressing the issues arising from urbanization.
D. Rapid urbanization has no effect on public services or living conditions.
Question 38. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A. Creating well-designed urban areas requires collaboration between governments and city planners.
B. It is essential for governments to implement urban planning strategies to enhance city life.
C. The planning of urban areas must not focus on environmental sustainability.
D. Urban planning should prioritize attracting businesses rather than improving living standards.
Question 39. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Urbanization is a recent phenomenon that has minimal global impact.
B. Slums are a direct result of effective urban planning.
C. Sustainable urban planning can help mitigate some of the negative effects of urbanization.
D. Economic opportunities in urban areas lead to an equal distribution of wealth.
Question 40. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?
A. Urbanization leads to job creation and economic growth, but also results in challenges such as overcrowding and social inequality that require sustainable urban planning to address.
B. The shift from rural to urban living has little effect on economic productivity or community growth.
C. Urban areas are perfect solutions for all rural problems, including housing and public services.
D. Cities provide the best quality of life without the need for any planning or development.
Đề thi thử TN THPT 2025 - Cấu trúc mới - Môn TIiếng Anh - Đề 4 - File word có lời giải
