[I] In today’s interconnected world, multiculturalism has become increasingly prevalent as people from diverse cultural backgrounds live and work together in the same communities. [II] Multiculturalism fosters cultural diversity, promoting understanding and tolerance among individuals with different perspectives and traditions (Banks, 2015). [III] However, while multiculturalism brings many benefits, it also poses certain challenges that need to be addressed to achieve a harmonious society (Parekh, 2000). [IV]

        One of the key benefits of multiculturalism is the enrichment of society through diverse perspectives. Different cultural backgrounds contribute unique ideas, art forms, and traditions, which can lead to a more vibrant and innovative community. For instance, diverse viewpoints in the workplace often drive creativity and lead to better problem-solving solutions. Additionally, exposure to various cultures can increase people's awareness and acceptance of others, thus reducing discrimination and promoting social cohesion.

        However, a multicultural society is not without its challenges. Language barriers, for example, can hinder communication and understanding among individuals. Miscommunication due to language differences can lead to misunderstandings or even conflicts. Furthermore, people may feel divided by their cultural identities, which can create a sense of "us versus them." Some argue that without efforts to bridge cultural differences, multiculturalism might unintentionally lead to social fragmentation (Modood, 2007).

        To foster a successful multicultural society, it is essential to promote inclusive policies and encourage intercultural dialogue. Schools and workplaces can play a significant role by celebrating diversity and teaching cultural understanding. When people actively engage with different cultures, they are more likely to find common ground and develop mutual respect, which helps create a stronger, more unified community (Berry, 2011).

                                    (Adapted from Multiculturalism in Society by Banks, Parekh, and others)

Question 31. Where in paragraph I does the following sentence best fit?

People today can access a wider range of cultural experiences than ever before.

        A. [I]        B. [II]        C. [III]        D. [IV]

Question 32. The phrase "social cohesion" in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by ____.

        A. social conflict        B. social unity        C. cultural diversity        D. cultural competition

Question 33. The word "they" in paragraph 4 refers to ____.

        A. schools        B. workplaces        C. people        D. policies

Question 34. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT an advantage of multiculturalism?

        A. Enhanced creativity                B. Increased awareness of other cultures
C. Encouragement of discrimination        D. Better problem-solving skills

Question 35. Which of the following best summarizes paragraph 3?

A. Multiculturalism strengthens communication and understanding without any challenges.
B. Multiculturalism creates a divide in society, making communication difficult.
C. Multiculturalism faces language and identity barriers that may lead to social fragmentation.
D. Multiculturalism allows seamless interaction across cultural and language differences.

Question 36. The word "fragmentation" in paragraph 3 is CLOSEST in meaning to ____.

        A. unity        B. division        C. cooperation        D. similarity

Question 37. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. A multicultural society guarantees equal understanding among all cultural groups.
B. Language differences in multicultural societies can sometimes cause misunderstandings.
C. Schools should avoid addressing cultural differences to maintain harmony.
D. Multiculturalism leads to isolation rather than promoting social connections.

Question 38. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. People engaging with different cultures can lessen cultural respect.
B. Schools and workplaces should limit exposure to diverse cultures.
C. Experiencing various cultures increases understanding and strengthens communities.
D. Multicultural societies struggle with finding mutual understanding among people.

Question 39. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Multiculturalism eliminates all societal conflicts by promoting tolerance.
B. Without inclusive efforts, multicultural societies may experience social divides.
C. Multicultural societies lack creativity and diversity in problem-solving.
D. Multiculturalism hinders personal identity formation in most communities.

Question 40. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

A. Multiculturalism enhances society by bringing diversity and creativity, though it requires proactive measures to address language and identity challenges.
B. Multiculturalism complicates communication and brings little benefit to modern society.
C. Multiculturalism limits individuals' understanding of other cultures and increases social tension.
D. A multicultural society promotes complete unity and eliminates social barriers.

        Cultural diversity refers to the presence of multiple cultural groups and their practices within a society. It encompasses various aspects such as language, traditions, beliefs, and values. Embracing cultural diversity can lead to a more inclusive and harmonious society, where individuals appreciate and respect differences. This diversity enriches communities by introducing new perspectives, fostering creativity, and promoting mutual understanding.

        One significant benefit of cultural diversity is the exchange of ideas and knowledge. When people from different cultural backgrounds interact, they share their unique experiences and insights. This exchange can lead to innovative solutions and improvements in various fields such as science, art, and business. Moreover, cultural diversity can enhance social cohesion by encouraging people to work together and learn from one another.

        Education plays a crucial role in promoting cultural diversity. Schools and universities can create inclusive environments by incorporating diverse perspectives into their curricula and encouraging students to engage with different cultures. By doing so, educational institutions help students develop a global mindset and prepare them for a multicultural world. Additionally, exposure to diverse cultures at a young age can reduce prejudices and promote tolerance.

        In the workplace, cultural diversity can boost productivity and creativity. Diverse teams bring together individuals with different skills, viewpoints, and problem-solving approaches. This variety can enhance decision-making processes and lead to more effective and innovative solutions. Companies that prioritize cultural diversity also tend to have a more positive work environment and higher employee satisfaction.

        Despite its benefits, cultural diversity also presents challenges. Misunderstandings and conflicts can arise when people from different cultural backgrounds interact. To address these challenges, it is essential to promote open communication and cultural competence. By fostering an inclusive culture, societies and organizations can maximize the benefits of cultural diversity while minimizing potential conflicts.

Question 23. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an aspect of cultural diversity? 

        A. Language         B. Traditions         C. Technology         D. Values

Question 24. The word "encompasses" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to: 

        A. excludes         B. includes         C. diminishes         D. separates

Question 25. The word "its" in paragraph 5 refers to: 

        A. cultural diversity                 B. interaction 

        C. exchange of ideas and knowledge         D. unique experiences

Question 26. The word "enhance" in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by: 

        A. worsen         B. enrich         C. ignore         D. simplify

Question 27. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3? 

        A. Education should avoid addressing cultural diversity. 

        B. Education plays no role in promoting cultural diversity. 

        C. Schools and universities should incorporate diverse perspectives. 

        D. Educational institutions should focus solely on local cultures.

Question 28. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? 

        A. Cultural diversity always leads to misunderstandings. 

        B. Cultural diversity has no impact on creativity. 

        C. Cultural diversity can reduce prejudices and promote tolerance. 

        D. Cultural diversity is irrelevant in the workplace.

Question 29. In which paragraph does the writer mention the role of cultural diversity in the workplace?

        A. Paragraph 1         B. Paragraph 2         C. Paragraph 3        D. Paragraph 4

Question 30. In which paragraph does the writer discuss the challenges of cultural diversity? 

        A. Paragraph 1         B. Paragraph 2         C. Paragraph 3         D. Paragraph 5

        In today’s rapidly changing world, lifelong learning has become more important than ever. (18) _________. To stay relevant and competitive in the job market, individuals must continuously acquire new skills and knowledge.

        One of the key benefits of lifelong learning is personal growth. (19) _________. By exploring new subjects and hobbies, individuals can expand their horizons and discover new passions.

        Lifelong learning can also lead to professional advancement. (20) _________. By staying up-to-date with the latest trends and technologies, individuals can increase their value to employers and advance their careers.

        However, lifelong learning can be challenging. (21) _________. Balancing work, family, and personal commitments can make it difficult to find time for learning.

        To make the most of lifelong learning, it is essential to set clear goals and create a personalized learning plan. (22) _________. By breaking down larger goals into smaller, achievable steps, individuals can stay motivated and make progress.

Question 18. 

        A. However, lifelong learning can be challenging.

        B. It is important to balance work and personal life.

        C. Technology has made it easier to access educational resources.

        D. Lifelong learning is essential for personal and professional growth.

Question 19. 

        A. Lifelong learning can lead to increased stress and anxiety.

        B. It is important to focus on one's career goals.

        C. By learning new things, individuals can boost their self-esteem and confidence.

        D. Lifelong learning can be expensive and time-consuming.

Question 20. 

        A. Lifelong learning can lead to job loss.

        B. By acquiring new skills, individuals can increase their employability.

        C. Lifelong learning is only for those who are unemployed.

        D. It is important to focus on traditional education.

Question 21. 

        A. It is important to set realistic goals.

        B. Lifelong learning can be expensive and time-consuming.

        C. Technology has made it easier to access educational resources.

        D. Lifelong learning is essential for personal and professional growth.

Question 22. 

        A. It is important to find a balance between work and learning.

        B. By breaking down larger goals into smaller, achievable steps, individuals can stay motivated and make progress.

        C. Lifelong learning can lead to increased stress and anxiety.

        D. It is important to focus on one's career goals.

Question 13. a. Tom: Hi, Anna! Yeah, I’ve been going to the gym regularly.

b. Anna: Hi, Tom! Have you been working out? You look great!
c. Anna: It shows! Keep it up, you’re doing awesome!

        A. a-b-c        B. b-a-c        C. a-c-b        D. c-b-a

Question 14.   a. Lucy: Great! Graphic design is such a creative field.

b. Mark: I’m thinking about switching my career to graphic design.
c. Lucy: That’s an interesting choice! Have you taken any courses?
d. Mark: Yes, I’ve started some online classes to build my skills.
e. Mark: I know, and I’m really excited to learn more about it.

        A. b-a-d-c-e        B. a-c-b-d-e        C. b-c-d-a-e        D. a-d-c-b-e

Question 15. Hi Ben,
                     a. I feel much stronger and more energized.

                      b. I’ve been following the workout routine you recommended, and it’s been amazing!
                     c. The exercises are challenging but effective.

                      d. Thanks again for helping me get started on this journey!
                     e. I appreciate your advice on staying consistent.
                     Best,
                      Michael

        A. b-a-d-e-c        B. a-d-c-b-e        C. a-b-d-c-e        D. b-a-c-e-d.

Question 16. a. This helps you focus on what matters most.
                     b. Make sure to allocate time for breaks to avoid burnout.
                     c. By the end of the day, you’ll feel more accomplished and less stressed.

d. Organizing your day can greatly improve productivity.
e. Start by listing the most urgent tasks in the morning.

        A. d-e-b-c-a        B. a-c-b-d-e        C. d-e-a-b-c.        D. b-a-c-d-e        

Question 17. a. Many people, especially students, have started using these resources.

b. The local library just opened a new section dedicated to environmental education.
c. This section includes books, documentaries, and interactive exhibits about climate change and conservation.
d. The goal is to raise awareness and encourage sustainable practices in the community.
e. It’s a great initiative that will benefit both current and future generations.

        A. b-c-a-d-e.        B. a-c-b-d-e        C. a-d-c-b-e        D. b-e-c-a-d        

Boosting Your Confidence

        Looking to improve your self-esteem and feel more confident in your daily life? Here’s how you can make positive changes!

Confidence Facts: Studies show that only 35% of people report feeling confident in their abilities, while others (7)_____ with self-doubt. Building confidence can help improve your performance at work and in social situations.

Tips to Boost Your Confidence:

• Set realistic goals! Start small and (8)_____ yourself when you reach milestones.
• Surround yourself with positivity! Seek (9)_____  supportive friends and colleagues to boost your self-esteem.
• Focus on your strengths! (10)_____ dwelling on mistakes, concentrate on what you do well.
• Practice self-care! Taking time for yourself can (11)_____ your mood and confidence levels.
• Keep learning! Gaining new skills helps (12)_____ a sense of accomplishment.

Question 7. A. struggle         B. succeed         C. excel         D. fight
Question 8. A. encourage         B. reward         C. push         D. remind
Question 9. A. up        B. out        C. in        D. about
Question 10. A. In case of         B. On account of         C. Instead of         D. Because of
Question 11. A. reduce        B. lift         C. harm         D. break
Question 12. A. offer         B. achieve         C. increase         D. create