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        [I] Renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, have gained global popularity as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. [II] Unlike coal and oil, renewable energy generates electricity without releasing harmful emissions, making it a cleaner option for the environment (Jacobson et al., 2017). [III] However, despite the advantages of renewable energy, there are still notable challenges that need to be addressed for it to fully replace traditional energy sources (Ellabban et al., 2014). [IV]

        One major advantage of renewable energy is its sustainability. Renewable resources, unlike fossil fuels, are naturally replenished and do not deplete over time. For instance, solar power harnesses energy from sunlight, which is virtually endless. In addition, renewable energy contributes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which helps combat climate change. Many countries are increasingly investing in renewable technologies to decrease their carbon footprint and meet international climate goals.

        However, renewable energy has certain limitations. One significant issue is its intermittent nature; for example, solar and wind power depend on weather conditions, making it difficult to generate a consistent power supply. This variability can disrupt the energy grid, which relies on a steady supply of electricity to meet demand. Another challenge is the high initial cost of setting up renewable energy facilities. Although prices have decreased in recent years, installing solar panels or wind turbines still requires substantial upfront investment (IRENA, 2019).

        Despite these challenges, advancements in technology are gradually making renewable energy more efficient and accessible. Improved energy storage systems, such as batteries, allow excess power generated during favorable conditions to be stored and used later, ensuring a more reliable energy supply. As technology and infrastructure improve, renewable energy may eventually Question 31. Where in paragraph I does the following sentence best fit?

These sources of energy have numerous environmental and economic benefits.

        A. [I]        B. [II]        C. [III]        D. [IV]

Question 32. The phrase "virtually endless" in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by ____.

        A. limited        B. infinite        C. renewable        D. temporary

Question 33. The word "it" in paragraph 1 refers to ____.

        A. fossil fuels        B. the environment        C. renewable energy        D. electricity

Question 34. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT an advantage of renewable energy?

        A. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions        B. Decreasing dependency on fossil fuels
C. Maintaining a steady energy supply        D. Contributing to climate change goals

Question 35. Which of the following best summarizes paragraph 3?

A. Renewable energy can fully replace fossil fuels without any major challenges.
B. Renewable energy is limited by inconsistent supply and high installation costs.
C. Renewable energy is currently too expensive to implement globally.
D. Renewable energy sources are reliable and cost-effective for all countries.

Question 36. The word "intermittent" in paragraph 3 is CLOSEST in meaning to ____.

        A. irregular        B. constant        C. continuous        D. beneficial

Question 37. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Renewable energy produces harmful emissions like fossil fuels.
B. Solar power is a reliable energy source regardless of weather conditions.
C. Renewable energy is increasingly viable thanks to technological advances.
D. Fossil fuels are a more sustainable energy source than renewable energy.

Question 38. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. Technology makes it harder to store energy produced during unfavorable conditions.
B. Technological improvements enhance the reliability and accessibility of renewable energy.
C. Technological advancements increase the cost and complexity of renewable energy.
D. Technology is not crucial for the global adoption of renewable energy.

Question 39. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Fossil fuels will remain the primary energy source indefinitely.
B. Renewable energy is unlikely to become widely adopted due to its limitations.
C. With better storage solutions, renewable energy could become a consistent power source.
D. Renewable energy is currently more economical than fossil fuels for all applications.

Question 40. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

A. Renewable energy is a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels with benefits for the environment, though it faces challenges like inconsistency and setup costs.
B. Renewable energy is replacing fossil fuels rapidly with no significant challenges.
C. Renewable energy sources are only useful in certain climates where resources are available.
D. The environmental impact of renewable energy is negligible, and it is readily available.

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